Si usa il termine triade per indicare un armamento nucleare composto da
1. Missili balistici basati a terra
2. Missili balistici lanciati da sottomarini (SLBM)
3. Armi nucleari collocate su aerei.
Da molto tempo sia Stati Uniti che Russia hanno a disposizione una triade.
Per quanto riguarda tutti i paesi dotati di armi nucleari la situazione attuale e’ la seguente (da Federation of American Scientist)
https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces
| Status of World Nuclear Forces 2022 | |||||
| Country | Deployed Strategic | Deployed Nonstrategic | Reserve/ Nondeployed | Military Stockpilea | Total Inventoryb |
| Russia | 1,588c | 0d | 2,889e | 4,477 | 5,977f |
| United States | 1,644g | 100h | 1,964i | 3,708j | 5,428k |
| France | 280l | n.a. | 10l | 290 | 290 |
| China | 0m | ? | 350 | 350 | 350m |
| United Kingdom | 120n | n.a. | 60 | 180 | 225n |
| Israel | 0 | n.a. | 90 | 90 | 90o |
| Pakistan | 0 | n.a. | 165 | 165 | 165p |
| India | 0 | n.a. | 160 | 160 | 160q |
| North Korea | 0 | n.a. | 20 | 20 | 20r |
| Total:s | ~3,632 | ~100 | ~5,708 | ~9,440 | ~12,705 |
How to read this table: “Deployed strategic warheads” are those deployed on intercontinental missiles and at heavy bomber bases. “Deployed nonstrategic warheads” are those deployed on bases with operational short-range delivery systems. “Reserve/Nondeployed” warheads are those not deployed on launchers but in storage (weapons at bomber bases are considered deployed). The “military stockpile” includes active and inactive warheads that are in the custody of the military and earmarked for use by commissioned deliver vehicles. The “total inventory” includes warheads in the military stockpile as well as retired, but still intact, warheads in the queue for dismantlement. For additional guidance, see endnotes below (note: as estimates are updated, they may vary from the printed materials below).
In historical context, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has declined significantly since the Cold War: down from a peak of approximately 70,300 in 1986 to an estimated 12,700 in early-2022. Government officials often characterize that accomplishment as a result of current or recent arms control agreements, but in reality the overwhelming portion of the reduction happened in the 1990s. Some also compare today’s numbers with those of the 1950s, but that is like comparing apples and oranges; today’s forces are vastly more capable.
The pace of reduction has slowed significantly compared with the 1990s and appears to continue only because of dismantlement of retired weapons; the trend is that the military stockpiles (useable nuclear weapons) are increasing again.
Instead of planning for nuclear disarmament, the nuclear-armed states appear to plan to retain large arsenals for the indefinite future. As such, they’re in conflict with the objective and spirit of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.
All continue to modernize their remaining nuclear forces at a significant pace, several are adding new types and/or increasing the role they serve in national strategy and public statements, and all appear committed to retaining nuclear weapons for the indefinite future.
For an overview of global modernization programs, see our contribution to the SIPRI Yearbook. Individual country profiles are available from the FAS Nuclear Notebook.
The information available for each country varies greatly, ranging from the most transparent nuclear weapons state (United States) to the most opaque (Israel). Accordingly, while the stockpile estimate for the United States is based on “real” numbers, the estimates for several of the other nuclear-armed states are highly uncertain.
These nuclear weapons estimates are produced by Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda of the Federation of American Scientists. Their work is based on the pioneering accomplishments of analysts Thomas Cochran, Robert Norris, and Willian Arkin, without whom this public service would not be possible.
This work was made possible by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the New Land Foundation, the Prospect Hill Foundation, and the Ploughshares Fund. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the authors.
Tornando al concetto di Triade osserviamo che:
a. Cina e India hanno a disposizione una triade (o sono nel processo di completarla)
b. la Francia aveva a disposizione una triade. Ora possiede solo missili lanciati da sottomarini (4 sottomarini della classe Le Triomphant) e missili aria-terra (ALCM) lanciati da aerei.
c. il Regno Unito possiede ora solo missili lanciati da sottomarini Trident
d. il Pakistan possiede missili basati a terra e (poche) armi trasportate da aereo
e. la Corea del nord ha missili basati a terra ed e’ probabilmente in grado di adattare le proprie armi nucleari alle testate dei missili
f. Israele ha missili nucleari basati a terra, aerei che possono lanciare armi nucleari e si ritiene che i 5 (6 previsti) sottomarini Dolphin possano essere dotati di armi nucleari. Tuttavia, come e’ noto, Israele non ammette ne’ nega di possedere armi nucleari.